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Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive and label-free technology that can characterize and discriminate cells based on their dielectric properties at a wide range of frequency. This characterization method has not been utilized for small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with heterogenous and nano-scale size distribution. Here, we developed a novel label-free microelectronic impedance spectroscopy for non-invasive and rapid characterization of exosomes based on their unique dielectric properties. The device is comprised of an insulator-based dielectrophoretic (iDEP) module for exosomes isolation followed by an impedance spectroscopy utilizing the embedded micro-electrodes. This device is capable of distinguishing between exosomes harvested from different cellular origins as the result of their unique membrane and cytosolic compositions at a wide range of frequency. Therefore, it has the potential to be further evolved as a rapid tool for characterization of pathogenic exosomes in clinical settings.